Line integrals (also referred to as path or curvilinear integrals) extend the concept of simple integrals (used to find areas of flat,…

Let (1) where (2) so (3) The total derivative of  with respect to  is then (4)(5) In…

Analytic Functions are defined as per the converging series; that revolves around a particular variable x…

The idea behind Green's theorem represents the circulation of FF around CC. If FF were the velocity field of water flow,…

The gradient is a fancy word for derivative, or the rate of change of a function. It’s…

Given (1)(2) then (3) where  is the identity matrix. Cayley verified this identity for  and 3 and postulated…